I'm getting the same screen as Deathspoon. I tried turning off ALL the advanced options, but I get that screen just after spring.exe has finished loading the weapons and stuff (presumably right before I'm supposed to start playing).
The dialog displayed in the screenshot you have linked to has a "Send" button. When pressed, it will send an error report to the Spring team with some useful information.
Got it! The problem must be that small installer taspring_0.40b2_small_no_ta_content.exe is missing some files. As soon as I tried installing taspring_0.40b2.exe it worked fine.